The tathāgatagarbha refers to the innate permanent nature that every sentient being possesses, which is also known as the eighth vijñāna or the ālāyavijñāna. It is the essence of enlightenment. As stated in the Tathāgatagarbha Sutra: “I see sentient beings transmigrate in unceasing cycles of birth and death, while everyone possesses their own wondrous and ultimate pure nature tathāgatagarbha, exactly the same as mine.”
Foreseeing the actual difficulties of humankind in the desired realm to practice and achieve Buddhahood, the Buddha arranged for the three rounds of the dharma transmission to help disciples gradually progress in their various levels of cultivation and eventually attain the ultimate path of Buddhahood.
That is to say, attaining enlightenment is to cross the threshold of wisdom so that an individual will gain prajna wisdom to understand the contents of the second and the third round of the dharma transmissions and eventually attain Buddhahood.
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